To date, four studies reported SCA during sport from video analysis. However, unexpected episodes of SCA during sport still occur, with uncertain outcomes. Therefore, the international medical societies and sports associations have provided detailed medical action plans and training programs for handling SCA at sports facilities, including rapid bystander CPR to provide chest compression and defibrillation shocks within 3–5 min using an automatic external defibrillator (AED) on-site. However, if SCA occurs despite preventive programs, restoring the circulation first is extremely important to improve survival. To prevent SCA/SCD, the international sports governing bodies International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) recommend pre-competition screening of athletes to detect these high-risk cardiovascular conditions (HRCC). It is well-known that physical activity can trigger life-threatening ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VT/VF) in (silent) underlying cardiovascular conditions, such as cardiomyopathy, ion channelopathy, and coronary artery disease. The annual incidence of SCA/SCD among athletes aged 35 years and younger is 2.2–9.8/100,000 and is consistently lower in females (ratio up to 1:9) and non-athletes (0.31/100,000). The published media reports typically relate to pre-competition screening and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Athletes, the role models for our society, are constantly in the spotlight of the media, and unexpected events are extensively discussed through the media. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) during sport in otherwise healthy athletes is a rare and unexpected event with disastrous consequences, including sudden cardiac death (SCD). Most videos showing recent events did not show an improvement in the proportion of athletes who received early resuscitation, suggesting that the problem of cardiac arrest during sports activity is poorly recognized. Optimal use of both will most likely result in survival. This suggests that immediate chest compressions and early defibrillation are crucially important in SCA during sport, as they are in other settings. ConclusionsĪnalysis of internet videos showed that immediate bystander CPR to non-traumatic SCA during sports was associated with improved survival. Bystander CPR 5 min delay of intervention with worse outcome (death 4/29, severe neurologic dysfunction 1/29). Twenty-eight were males, 23 performed at an elite level, and 18 participated in soccer. We identified and included 29 victims of average age 27.6 ± 8.5 years. The rapidity of starting bystander chest compressions and defibrillation was classified as 5 min. We searched, , and, and included any camera-witnessed non-traumatic SCA during sports. To determine the effect of rapid bystander CPR to SCA during sports by searching for and analyzing videos of these SCA/SCD events from the internet. Immediate chest compressions and early defibrillation offer SCA victims the best chance of survival, which requires prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) during sports can be the first symptom of yet undetected cardiovascular conditions.
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